Hawaii's Kilauea Volcano Erupts Again, Spewing Lava

Kilauea, one of the world’s most active volcanoes, erupted again on September 2, 2025, marking the 32nd eruptive episode since its ongoing activity began in December 2024. The eruption started early in the morning and continued for over 13 hours, with spectacular lava fountains reaching heights of up to 500 feet. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the eruption produced more than 337 million cubic feet of molten lava, covering nearly half the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. No injuries were reported, as the eruption remained contained within the park’s protected and uninhabited summit area.

Unusual Phenomena and Scientific Significance

This episode was notable not only for its volume and intensity but also for the rare appearance of a so-called 'volnado'—a swirling vortex of ash and hot gases within the crater. USGS cameras captured the phenomenon, which resembled a tornado but was driven by the extreme heat and turbulence of the eruption plume. Such events, also called pyroconvective or volcanic tornadoes, are extremely rare and offer scientists valuable data on the interaction between volcanic activity and atmospheric processes. The eruption’s powerful convection also generated strong winds and visible lightning, highlighting the dynamic nature of volcanic weather.

Scientists and spectators alike were drawn to the event. Crowds gathered at safe vantage points to witness the glowing lava, towering fountains, and billowing plumes. The ongoing sequence of eruptions has provided unprecedented opportunities for researchers to study magma recharge cycles, eruption triggers, and the broader geophysical processes shaping the island. For the local Hawaiian community, each eruption is also a profound cultural event, connecting the present to ancient traditions and the revered volcano goddess Pele.

Environmental and Health Impacts

While the eruption itself caused no immediate danger to people, officials warned of lingering hazards. The volcano released an estimated 55,000 tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, creating volcanic smog (vog) that can drift downwind and cause respiratory issues, particularly for vulnerable populations. The USGS also cautioned about the risk of airborne volcanic glass strands and debris, which can travel miles from the vent and occasionally impact local infrastructure, including nearby highways.

The eruption ended abruptly at 8:01 p.m. local time, as observed by a sudden shift in seismic and ground deformation signals. Despite the cessation of active fountaining, lava flows continued to move slowly as they cooled, and volcanic gas emissions, while reduced, persisted in the days following the event. The alert level for Kilauea remained at WATCH, with scientists closely monitoring for signs of renewed activity. The community was advised to remain vigilant and heed official updates as the volcano’s cycle of eruption and pause continues.